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Robotic paint booths were increasingly incorporating AI and machine learning algorithms for precise paint application, defect detection, and quality control. These technologies enable robots to adapt and optimize painting processes over time, leading to improved efficiency and quality. For instance, BMW uses deflectometry, used to detect any defects on the painted surfaces of the BMW 1 Series, X1 and X2 models produced at the company’s plant in Regensburg, Germany. They are using deflectometry to assess the surface. Black and white striped patterns are projected on the vehicle and then cameras are used to scan and detect any flaws on the reflective paintwork.