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The trend toward miniaturization and modular design in satellite technology is significantly driving the satellite bus industry. Small satellite buses, including CubeSats and nanosatellites, are becoming increasingly popular due to their lower cost, shorter development time, and the ability to launch multiple satellites simultaneously. These small buses are modular, allowing them to be customized for different missions by adding or removing components as needed. This modularity not only reduces the overall cost but also enhances the flexibility and scalability of satellite systems, making them more attractive to both commercial and governmental entities. Companies such as Planet Labs and Spire Global are leveraging these advancements to deploy large constellations of small satellites for Earth observation and IoT applications. For instance, in April 2024, Kongsberg NanoAvionics announced the successful launch of its 12U nanosatellite bus, built for NASA's Advanced Composite Solar Sail System mission. The small satellite manufacturer and mission integrator achieved this milestone by launching the satellite onboard Rocket Lab's Electron 47 Light from a launch site in Mahia, New Zealand.
Governments and military agencies around the world are increasing their investments in space-based defense and surveillance capabilities. Satellites are crucial for national security, providing real-time Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR), and secure communication channels. The development of sophisticated satellite bus platforms that can support advanced payloads for these applications is a key focus area. For instance, the U.S. Department of Defense has been investing in new satellite bus technologies to enhance the resilience and capability of its space assets in response to growing geopolitical tensions and the need for secure communication and data transmission in contested environments. This focus on defense and surveillance is driving the demand for robust, secure, and high-performance satellite buses. The commercial space sector is increasingly developing capabilities and services that have the potential to support national security. To seize this opportunity, the Department of Defense is unveiling its inaugural Commercial Space Integration Strategy, detailing its approach to incorporating commercial space solutions into national security space architectures.